Perkembangan Terapi Berbasis Senyawa Alam Dalam Pengobatan Infeksi: Kajian Kimia Biologi

Cut Novrita Rizki; Syakia Tursina; Ratih Purwanti

doi:10.59737/jpi.v17i1.400

Authors

Cut Novrita Rizki Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh
Syakia Tursina
Ratih Purwanti

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59737/jpi.v17i1.400

Keywords:

senyawa alam, antimikroba, resistensi antibiotic, kimia biologi, terapi infeksi

Abstract

Penyakit infeksi masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di dunia. Peningkatan resistensi mikroorganisme terhadap antibiotik konvensional mendorong pengembangan terapi alternatif berbasis senyawa alam. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji perkembangan terapi berbasis senyawa alam dalam pengobatan infeksi dari perspektif kimia biologi. Metode yang digunakan berupa studi literatur terhadap artikel ilmiah dan buku terbitan tahun 2018–2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, fenolik, minyak atsiri, dan peptida antimikroba memiliki aktivitas antimikroba melalui berbagai mekanisme, antara lain kerusakan membran sel mikroba, penghambatan sintesis protein, inhibisi pembentukan biofilm, serta modulasi quorum sensing. Perkembangan teknologi nanoenkapsulasi dan kombinasi senyawa alam dengan antibiotik modern turut meningkatkan efektivitas terapi dan menurunkan resistensi mikroba. Berdasarkan kajian kimia biologi, hubungan antara struktur kimia dan aktivitas biologis senyawa alam menjadi dasar penting dalam pengembangan kandidat obat antimikroba masa depan. Dengan demikian, terapi berbasis senyawa alam memiliki prospek besar sebagai alternatif pengobatan infeksi yang lebih aman dan efektif.

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